Which organization is responsible for nuclear regulatory oversight?

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission is the organization specifically designated to oversee and regulate the use of nuclear energy and materials in the United States. This agency's primary responsibilities include ensuring the safe use of nuclear power plants, protecting public health and safety, and safeguarding the environment from potential hazards associated with nuclear activities.

The Commission establishes regulations and guidelines for nuclear operations, conducts inspections, and enforces compliance with safety standards. They also play a critical role in licensing and overseeing the construction and operation of nuclear facilities, as well as managing the disposal of nuclear waste.

Therefore, this selection is correct as it accurately identifies the authoritative body responsible for nuclear regulatory activities, emphasizing its pivotal role in ensuring public and environmental safety in relation to nuclear energy.